最新嵌入式系统|常用词汇表2

N
NVRAM
Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that retains its data even when the system is powered down. NVRAM frequently consists of an SRAM and a long-life battery.
非易失的随机访问存储器。一种能在系统关机的情况下保持它的数据的RAM。NVRAM常常由SRAM和长寿命电池组成。

O
OTP
See one-time programmable.

object code（目标代码）
A set of processor-readable opcodes and data. The output of compilers,assemblers, linkers, and locators are files containing object code.
处理器能读的操作码和数据。编译器、汇编器、连接器和定位器的输出文件都含有目标代码。

object file（目标文件）
A file containing object code. The output of a compiler or assembler.
包含目标代码的文件。编译器或汇编器的输出。

one-time programmable（一次可编程的）
Any programmable device, like a PROM, that can be programmed just once by the end user. However, this term is used almost exclusively to refer to microcontrollers with on-chip PROM.
任一可编程的设备，像PROM，仅仅能被最终用户编程一次。然而，这个术语一般被专有地使用在拥有片上PROM的微控制器上。

opcode
A sequence of bits that is recognized by the processor as one of the instructions in its instruction set.
一串被处理器验证过的二进制位的序列，它作为其指令集的一个子集。

operating system（操作系统）
A piece of software that makes multitasking possible. An operating system typically consists of a set of function calls, or software interrupts, and a periodic clock tick. The operating system is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling access to shared resources.
使多任务能够实现的一个软件。一个操作系统典型地由一个函数调用集、软件中断和定期时钟周期组成。一个操作系统负责决定哪一个任务在给定的时间将使用处理器，并且控制对共享资源的访问。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。

P
PROM（可编程只读存储器）
Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
可编程只读存储器。能被设备编程器写的一种ROM。这种内存设备可以被编程一次，所以它们有时被作为写一次或一次性编程设备来看待。

parallel processing（并行进程）
The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。

Peripheral （外设）
A piece of hardware other than the processor, usually memory or an I/O device. The peripheral may reside within the same chip as the processor, in which case it is called an internal peripheral.
一种不同于处理器的硬件设备，常指内存或I/O设备。外设经常和处理器在一片芯片上，在这种情况下，它被称为集成外设。

physical address（物理地址）
The actual address that is placed on the address bus when accessing a memory location or register.
当访问内存位置或寄存器时，在地址总线上的真实的地址。

Preemptive（抢先）
A scheduler is said to be preemptive if it allows the running task to be suspended when a higher-priority task becomes ready. Non-preemptive schedulers are easier to implement but less appropriate for embedded systems.
当一个高优先级的任务准备好时，充许正在运行的任务被挂起的调度策略被称为优先。无优先的调度策略更容易实现一些但适合在嵌入式系统中使用。

Polling(轮询)
A method of interfacing with hardware that involves repeatedly reading a status register until the device has reached the awaited state. Device drivers are either polling or interrupt-driven, with the latter being more generally preferred.本文由容源电子网（www.dziuu.com）整理提供，部分内容来源于网络，如有侵犯到你的权利请与我们联系更正。